Industria eolikoko palen efizientzia aerodinamikoaren azterketa esperimentala baldintza ideal eta errealetan

Abstract

The paradigm of renewable energies brings a number of challenges to be solved in a short-term period. In the case of wind energy, it turns necessary to relocate onshore wind-farms in both offshore coastal regions and urban environments, so that visual and environmental impacts of current devices are reduced. This modifies the flow regime noticeably; indeed, turbulence and environmentally-induced roughness need to be accounted for, in addition to the scale-effect in case of urban wind turbines. The effects of such factors on the aerodynamic efficiency of a standard NACA0021 airfoil are tested via wind-tunnel measurements, showing the resultant decrease in aerodynamic efficiency when passing from ideal to real flow conditions. Such a decrease leads to concluding that aerodynamic tests should be undertaken with flow configurations that represent real operational conditions.

Energia berriztagarrien paradigmak erronka ugari dakartza berorrekin, epe laburrean erantzun beharrekoak bederen. Energia eolikoaren kasuan, ustiapena ohiko haize-parkeetatik itsasalde edota hiriguneetara mugitzean datza, inpaktu bisuala nahiz ingurumen kalteak murrizteko asmoz. Horrek haizearen fluxu baldintzak nabarmen aldatzea dakar; bereziki, turbulentzia eta ingurumen-eragileek sorturiko gainazal-zimurtasuna hartu behar da kontuan eta, hiriguneetako kasuan, aerosorgailuen eskala aldaketa. Haize-tunel bidezko entseguak burutuz, faktore horiek NACA0021 geometriadun pala baten efizientzia aerodinamikoan duten eragina aztertu da, baldintza idealetatik errealetara igarotzean ematen den efizientzia galera ikusaraziz. Galera hori dela-eta, entsegu esperimentalak harik eta baldintza errealenetan egiteko beharra ondorioztatzen da.