Soft skills development in work-based learning: a systematic literature review

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this systematic literature review is to identify which soft skills are developed during work-based learning (WBL) programmes in higher education contexts. Additionally, the study sought to identify strategies used to promote soft skills development within work-based learning programmes.

Design/methodology/approach The authors used the PRISMA-P protocol to guide the methodology and ensure the transparency and reproducibility of the paper. In total, 36 papers were considered eligible from the search conducted in two databases between 2013 and 2024.

Findings Findings indicate that while there is some overlap in the soft skills mentioned, great variety exists due to the complexity of soft skills frameworks. The soft skills most frequently referenced were communication and teamwork skills. Regarding strategies, a few articles mention reflection and personal connections for enhancing soft skills development; however, further research is needed in this area.

Practical implications A clearer understanding of skill development could significantly benefit higher education institutions, students and related organisations. This understanding may enhance programme quality and better prepare students for their future.

Originality/value Although research on the development of soft skills in the context of WBL programmes is still limited, there is increasing evidence suggesting they may be an effective means of fostering these skills. This paper presents an overview of the research conducted to date and outlines potential avenues for further investigation.