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               <mods:name>
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               <mods:name>
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                  <mods:namePart>Borghi, Alessandro</mods:namePart>
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               <mods:name>
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               <mods:name>
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                  <mods:dateIssued encoding="iso8601">2018</mods:dateIssued>
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               <mods:identifier type="issn">1932-6203</mods:identifier>
               <mods:identifier type="other">https://katalogoa.mondragon.edu/janium-bin/janium_login_opac.pl?find&amp;ficha_no=147714</mods:identifier>
               <mods:identifier type="uri">https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11984/1101</mods:identifier>
               <mods:abstract>Repositioning of the maxilla in orthognathic surgery is carried out for functional and aesthetic&#xd;
purposes. Pre-surgical planning tools can predict 3D facial appearance by computing the&#xd;
response of the soft tissue to the changes to the underlying skeleton. The clinical use of&#xd;
commercial prediction software remains controversial, likely due to the deterministic nature&#xd;
of these computational predictions. A novel probabilistic finite element model (FEM) for the&#xd;
prediction of postoperative facial soft tissues is proposed in this paper. A probabilistic FEM&#xd;
was developed and validated on a cohort of eight patients who underwent maxillary repositioning&#xd;
and had pre- and postoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans&#xd;
taken. Firstly, a variables correlation assessed various modelling parameters. Secondly, a&#xd;
design of experiments (DOE) provided a range of potential outcomes based on uniformly&#xd;
distributed input parameters, followed by an optimisation. Lastly, the second DOE iteration&#xd;
provided optimised predictions with a probability range. A range of 3D predictions was&#xd;
obtained using the probabilistic FEM and validated using reconstructed soft tissue surfaces&#xd;
from the postoperative CBCT data. The predictions in the nose and upper lip areas accurately&#xd;
include the true postoperative position, whereas the prediction under-estimates the&#xd;
position of the cheeks and lower lip. A probabilistic FEM has been developed and validated&#xd;
for the prediction of the facial appearance following orthognathic surgery. This method&#xd;
shows how inaccuracies in the modelling and uncertainties in executing surgical planning&#xd;
influence the soft tissue prediction and it provides a range of predictions including a minimum&#xd;
and maximum, which may be helpful for patients in understanding the impact of surgery&#xd;
on the face.</mods:abstract>
               <mods:language>
                  <mods:languageTerm authority="rfc3066">eng</mods:languageTerm>
               </mods:language>
               <mods:accessCondition type="useAndReproduction">© 2018 Knoops et al.</mods:accessCondition>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>maxillofacial surgery</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>simulation</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>deformations</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>distraction</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>validation</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>deformity</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>cartilage</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>accuracy</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>system</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>skin</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
               <mods:titleInfo>
                  <mods:title>A novel soft tissue prediction methodology for orthognathic surgery based on probabilistic finite element modelling</mods:title>
               </mods:titleInfo>
               <mods:genre>http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501</mods:genre>
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