Makina Elektrikoen Portaera Bibroakustikoaren Neurketa eta Simulazioa

Abstract

Noise and vibration of electrical machines is a major concern. Changes in the machine design to improve its ef f iciency can lead to unacceptable vibrations. Tools to predict its vibratory and acoustic performance at the design stage need to be developed. An improved f inite element model has been developed to analyse the vibration behaviour of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using the f inite element software ABAQUS. All components and subsets of the machine have been modelled and validated by experimental modal analysis (EMA) performed on them. Some modelling issues have been overcome so that an accurate enough model has been reached. The laminated stator, as it is formed by a pack of several steel sheets, has been treated as an orthotropic material and windings have been considered a solid orthotropic part as well. The rotor-shaf t assembly has also been verif ied by EMA. The bearings that join the rotor to the assembly of the stator have been represented by radial springs. The electromagnetic forces are applied to the whole machine model in order to obtain the vibration response. These forces are obtained from the magnetic air-gap flux density which has been obtained with a 2D f inite element model developed by FLUX. Finally, it has also been obtained the experimental acoustic power that the machine emits.

Makina elektrikoen zarata eta bibrazioa kezka garrantzitsuak dira. Beronen efizientzia hobetzeko burututako aldaketek bibrazio maila onartezin bat ekar dezakete. Ondorioz, makina hauen portaera bibroakustikoa aurreikusiko duten erremintak garatzea nahitaezkoa da. ABAQUS softwarearen laguntzaz, iman iraunkorreko motor sinkrono baten bibrazio portaera aztertzeko modelo bat garatu da, elementu finituen metodoa erabiliz. Makinaren osagai eta azpimultzo guztiak analisi modal esperimentalen (AME) bidez balioztatuak izan dira. Gainera, modelizazio aspektu batzuk hobetu egin dira, beraz modelo fidagarri bat sortu da. Estatore laminarra, altzairuzko zenbait xaflez osatuta dagoenez, material ortotropo bat bezala kontsideratu da, eta harilkatua ere solido ortotropo bezala kontsideratu dira. Errotore-ardatz azpimultzoa ere AME-ren bidez balioztatua izan da. Bestalde, errotorea multzoarekin lotzen duten errodamenduak malguki erradial batzuen bidez modelizatu dira. Gainera, bibrazioaren erantzuna zein den lortzeko, makina osoaren gain indar elektromagnetikoak aplikatu dira. Indar hauek estatore eta errotorearen hortz eta poloen artean dagoen fluxu magnetikoaren dentsitatearen bidez lortu dira. Horretarako, 2Dko elementu finituen modelo bat garatu da FLUX-en. Amaitzeko, igorritako potentzia akustikoaren neurketa esperimentala ere burutu da. Hitz gakoak: Motor elektrikoak, Bibrazioak, Inposatutako erantzuna, Zarata elektromagnetikoa.