Hedonomic pyramid to enhance student experience in higher education: a conceptual framework

Abstract

This paper introduces the Hedonomic Pyramid as a conceptual framework for enhancing the Student Experience (SX) in Higher Education (HE). Based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, it structures SX into five hierarchical levels: Safety and Accessibility, Functionality and Usability, Engagement and Connection, Personalization and Development, and Satisfaction and Fulfillment. Each level integrates personal, social, academic, institutional, and external dimensions that influence students’ perceptions and outcomes. The framework was developed through a theoretical analysis and refined with insights from a focus group involving six master’s students, who discussed key barriers and enablers in their academic journey. The Hedonomic Pyramid offers a comprehensive, student-centered perspective for understanding and addressing the complex, multidimensional nature of SX. It serves as a foundation for institutions seeking to foster more inclusive, motivating, and meaningful educational environments aligned with students’ evolving needs and expectation.